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المهيمن

Al-Muhaimin

Al-Muhaimin (The Guardian, the Observer, the Overseer, the Protector)

This name of Allah came in the verse 23 of the surah Al-Hashr. Its translation and explanation is here:

(59:23) He is Allah: there is no god but He: the King,³⁶ the Holy,³⁷ the All-Peace,³⁸ the Giver of security,³⁹ the Overseer,⁴⁰ the Most Mighty,⁴¹ the Overpowering,⁴² the All-Great.⁴³ Exalted is He from whatever they associate with Him.

Exp-note 40:

40. The word Al-Muhaimin has three meanings:

(1) The Guardian and Protector.

(2) The Observer who sees what everyone does.

(3) The Being Who has taken up the responsibility to fulfill the needs and requirements of the people.

Here also, since the word Al-Muhaimin has been used absolutely, and no object has been mentioned of this subject, therefore, it by itself gives the implied meaning that He is guarding and protecting all creatures, is watching the acts and deeds of everyone, and has taken up the responsibility of sustaining and providing for every creature in the universe with its needs and requirements.

The other meanings of Al-Muhaimin are: The One who is very High, the One Who knows all hidden matters and knows the secrets of the hearts. Al-Muhaimin is the One Whose knowledge encompasses everything, Who is a Witness on all people’s actions, and is also an Observer and Watcher on the deeds of people, nothing of their action is hidden from Him, no particle in the heaven and the earth is hidden from Him.

Allah also gave this name to the Holy Quraan in the verse 48 of the surah Al-Maa’idah. Here is the translation and explanatory note 79 of the verse 48 of surah Al-Maa’idah:

(5:48) Then We revealed the Book to you (O Muhammad!) with Truth, confirming whatever of the Book was revealed before,⁷⁸ and protecting and guarding over it.⁷⁹ Judge, then, in the affairs of men in accordance with the Law that Allah has revealed, and do not follow their desires in disregard of the Truth which has come to you. For each of you We have appointed a Law and a way of life.⁸⁰ And had Allah so willed, He would surely have made you one single community; instead, (He gave each of you a Law and a way of life) in order to test you by what He gave you. Vie, then, one with another in good works. Unto Allah is the return of all of you; and He will then make you understand the truth concerning the matters on which you disagreed.⁸¹

Exp. note 79:

79. In Arabic, haymana, yuhayminu, hayamanah signify ‘to protect, to witness, to keep trust, to back and to support’. The expression ‘haymana al-rajul al-shay’ means that the man protected and guarded the thing. Likewise, ‘haymana al-ta’ir ‘alafirdkhih’ means that the bird took its young ones under the protection of its wings. Once ‘Umar said to the people: ‘Inni da’in fa hayminu’ (‘I am praying; support me by saying amen’). To say that the Qur’an is muhaymin of al-kitab means that it preserves all the true teachings of the earlier divine books; that it has secured them from loss. The Qur’an also confirms those Books in that the contents of the Qur’an testify to the truth of those parts which are indeed from God. The Qur’an is, further, a witness over those Books in the sense that, with its help, the elements which embody true revelations from God can be distinguished from the accretions which have corrupted them. Whatever in these Books accords with the Qur’an is from God, and whatever is not in conformity with it is from human beings.

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The Holy Quraan is ameen on those previous Divine Books in the sense that it preseves and secures all those statements in the Books of the past, those statements which were sent down by Allah. The meaning of Al-Muhaymin in the above exp.note 79 makes it more clear that the Al-Muhaymin attribute of Allah points to all those great qualities of Allah All-Mighty God.

المؤمن

Al-Mu’min ( The Testifier, The Giver of security):

This great name of Allah has come in the Holy Quran only once and that is in the verse 23 of surah Al-Hashar. The translation of the verse is:

Exp-note 39:

39. The word Al-Mu’min is derived from amn, which means to secure from fear, and Mu’min is the one who provides security to others. Allah has been called Al-Mumin in the sense that He provides security to His creatures. His creatures are secure from the fear that He would ever wrong them, or deprive them of their rights, or allow their rewards to go to waste, or would violate the promises He has made with them. Then, since no object has been mentioned with this subject, but the epithet of Al-Mumin has been used absolutely, it automatically gives the meaning that His security comprehends the entire universe and all that it contains.

The other meanings of this name are:

The name is also related with the word “al-eemaan” which means to believe and testify, also the one who confirms (authorizes true) the eemaan of Muslims.

So Allah is Al-Mu’min in the sense that Allah admires Himself as One Single and Unique God. Mujaahid rahmatullahi alaihi said: Al-Mu’min is the One Who testified Himself to be One by saying; “Shahida-Allaho annahu laa ilaha illa huwa” (Allah witnessed /testified that there is no God except Him). This is a part of the verse 18 of the surah Aali-Imraan. This is the greatest testimony from the Greatest Witness (Allah) on the most important of the object which is Tawheed of Allah and the purifying of the Deen (religion) for Him. Tawheed means to believe in the absolute Oneness of God.

It comes in the Al-Tirmidhi, Ibn. Maajah and others that Abu Hurairah and abu Sa-eed testified that Allah’s Messenger salla Allaho alaihi wa sallam said, “ when a servent says ‘laa ilaha ill Allaho, wa-Allaho akbar’ Allah Tabaarak wa Ta’ala says ‘ My servant said the truth, there is no God except Me and I am the Greatest’. And when (the servant) says, ‘laa ilaha illa Allaho wahdahu’ (Allah) says, ‘My servant said the truth, there is no God but I, the One’. And when he ( the servant) says, ‘laa ilaha illa Allaho wahdahu laa shareeka lahu’ (Allah) says, ‘My servant said the truth, there is no God but I, there is no partner with Me’. And when (the servant ) said, ‘laa ilaha illa Allaho lahul mulku wa lahul hamd’ (Allah )says, My servant said the truth, there is no God but I, Mine is the Kingdom and for Me are the Praises. And when (the servant) said, ‘‘laa ilaha illa Allaho
wa laa hawla wa laa quwwata illa billah (bi-Allah)’ (Allah) says, ‘My servant said the truth, there is no God but I and there is no power and no strength but with Me’.

Thus it is the great testimony from Allah for the absolute Oneness of Himself and also the confirmation of the testifying of the servants. This confirmation by Allah of their testimonies about tawheed and other articles of faith becomes a proof and evidence to help them on the Day of Judgement. Ibn Al-Qayyim rahmatullahi alaihi said that from His Names one is Al-Mu’min which in one of the commentaries, is considered to be Al-Musaddiq. Al-Musaddiq means the One Who confirms the truth of the truthful and provides evidence of their truthfulness. So Allah, the Al-Mu’min Al-Musaddiq confirmed the truthfulness of His Prophets and Messengers alayhim salaam. Allah, due to His Attribute Al-Mu’min, revealed evidences to prove the truth of His messengers, that whatever they said regarding the religion, is true and is from Allah. That the Divine Books (e.g. the Holy Quraan) is truly the Revelation of Allah. To understand this point see the translation of the following Verses of the Holy Quraan:

Surah Fusilat verses 52 and 53 (translation only):

(41:52) Say, “Have you considered: if the Qur’an is from Allah and you disbelieved in it, who would be more astray than one who is in extreme dissension?”

(41:53) We will show them Our signs in the horizons and within themselves until it becomes clear to them that it is the truth. But is it not sufficient concerning your Lord that He is, over all things, a Witness?

السلام

Al-Salaam (read as As-Salaam):

(The All-Peace)

This name of Allah Ta’ala came in the verse 23 of the surah Al-Hashr. Its translation with the explanation is here:

Exp-note 38: This is the explanation of the name Al-Salaam (As-Salaam)

38. The word As-Salaam as used in the original means peace and secure, Allah’s being called As-Salaam means that He is peace and safety personified. He is far exalted that some calamity or weakness or defect should befall Him, or His Perfection should suffer a decline or blemish.
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The details of this name are:

The meaning of Al-Salaam (As-Salaam) includes safety and security from all types of defects in person, attributes and actions. So Allah Jalla wa Aa’la is truly safe from all points of view. Allah, in person, is perfect safety and peace, and no defect or evil can touch Him. All His Attributes are high above any defect. His Actions are perfectly safe from any type of defect, evil or harm. That is none of His actions happens without wisdom. He Subhaanahu wa Ta’ala is safe and clean from the company of a spouse or a child, is safe from having any like of Him, and is Safe and clean from any associate or partner.

This name (As-Salaam) is applied in all of the Attributes of Allah. Thus every attribute of Allah is Salaam i.e. safe and secure from having any defect. Haafiz ibn Al-Qayyim rahamhullah said in his explanation of this great name: If you think and observe the greatness of this attribute of Allah, you will find every attribute salaaman (safe and secure) from the opposite qualities. So Allah is Al-Hayyi (Living) and Allah’s Life is Salaaman (safe ) from death, drowsiness and sleep. His Supporting and His application of power are all safe and free from any tiredness. His Knowledge is safe from ignorance, mistake and forgetfulness. Moreover Allah doesn’t need to think or remember. His intention is safe (Salaam) from getting out of wisdom or going away from benefitting and reforming. His Words are safe and clean from any falsehood or injustice. Rather Allah’s Words are “Tammat kalimatihi sidqanwwa adla” . Allah said in the verse 115 of the surah Al-An’aam, its translation is:

(6:115). And the word of your Lord has been fulfilled in truth and in justice. None can alter His words, and He is the Hearing, the Knowing.

Allah’s Self-Sufficiency is Salaam from any need or dependence upon others. Rather all others depend upon Allah for their needs and safety and Allah is absolutely Self-Sufficient.

His kingdom is safe from any dispute or conflicts etc. that means there is no equal king to fight or dispute or make conflict or clash against Allah in Allah’s kingdom. It is also Salaam from having any helper or any intercessor without His permission. His God-hood is safe and high above having any associate or partner. His forbearing, patience and forgiving are safe (salaam) from any need or weakness. So when Allah forbears, shows patience to His servants and even forgives their sins, that is not because Allah is weak or needs something from them. Rather it is due to Allah All-Mighty’s favor, kindness and generosity towards His servants. Thus Allah gives time to His servants, doesn’t punish them at once and if they repent, will forgive their sins.

Allah’s Anger, Revenge and Punishment, and His speedy chastisement are salaam in the meaning that it is not due to cruelty, hard-heartedness or injustice but is fully based on Hikmah (Wisdom) and Justice. So Allah’s punishment also deserves to praise Him like His Forgiving deserves to praise Him. This is because if Allah leaves a cruel transgressor free and unchecked by punishment then the others will be in trouble and their life will become hard for them. Thus it is against wisdom and justice to leave the cruels free for transgression and corruption in the land of Allah where everyone has the right to live in peace and safety.

Allah’s making fortune is also salaam i.e. safe from any injustice, it is with full hikmah (wisdom). Allah’s Deen (religion) and Laws are all Salaam i.e. the entire Islaamic system is peace, safety and security because there is no defect or conflict between the Commands of Allah and the human nature. None of Allah’s Commands puts burdon on man that he/she cannot bear. All of the Islamic Commands are full of mercy and grace, and are based on wisdom and justice. These Commands are for the welfare and benefit of mankind here and in the here-after. Similarly, Allah’s bestowing blessings on the servants is salaam from any need for a substitute etc. Allah doesn’t owe to people any thing nor He needs anything from them. Thus it is only the kindness of Allah that He bestows blessings on people. And when Allah stops blessings from a person then it is also salaam from any greed or fear of destitution. So Allah’s stopping blessings from someone is purely based on justice and wisdom and is not due to greediness or poverty.

In short, Allah is Salaam in His all attributes. Truly Allah is a very Unique Being, so we cannot imagin or describe His attributes in full. We understand a lot from Allah’s creation which is before our eyes. But at the same time there are lots more which are hidden from our eyes or are beyond our understanding. Allah’s one name is Az-Zaahir (written as Al-Zaahir) it means the Manifest One. The other and opposite name is Al-Baatin (The Hidden One). Allah is Zaahir i.e. Manifest because of Allah’s great creative Power. So we can see the greatness of All-Mighty God by looking at the surrounding excellent universe. But at the same time Allah is hidden from our eyes, We cannot see the Great Great Being, our Creator, although Allah is so near to us! Allah is As-Salaam and Al-Ghaniyyun-Hameed (Self Sufficient and Praiseworthy).

Allah’s seeing and hearing are also salaam from similarity with that of the creation. The seeing and hearing of the creation cannot be compared to that of Allah. Allah sees and hears all what is inside all hearts and all cells, nuclei and genes etc. Allah sees and hears each and everything at one and the same time. Nothing is hidden from Allah in the darkness of the night, in the depth of the oceans and even inside and under the earth.

Allah’s making someone friend is also salaam (safe) from any weakness. Allah made the Prophets and pious Muslims His friends but it was due to kindness and good of Allah and not due to any type of weakness or need. Allah said in the verse 111 of the surah Al-Israa:

Surah Al-Israa verse 111 (translation only);

(17:111) And say: “All praise be to Allah Who has neither taken to Himself a son, nor has He any partner in His kingdom, nor does He need any protecting friend, out of weakness”. So glorify Him in a manner worthy of His glory.

The evidence of this great name of Allah Ta’ala is that Allah is the Lord of peace, Safety and security. Look at the management of that Lord and think about it. Generally, this earth is made full of peace and safety for the creation. The Sun, the moon, the stars and the cycle of the day and night are all made safe and beneficial to the creatures. Allah said salaam to His Prophets as can be seen in the following verses of the Holy Quraan.

Surah Al-Naml (An-Naml) verse 59:

(27:59). Say, [O Muhammad], “Praise be to Allah, and peace upon His servants whom He has chosen. Is Allah better or what they associate with Him?”

Surah Al-Saffaat (As-Saffaat) 79, 109, 120, 130 (their translation only):

(37:79). “Peace upon Noah among the worlds.”

(37:109). “Peace upon Abraham.”

(37:120). “Peace upon Moses and Aaron.”

(37:130). “Peace upon Elias.”

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Allah said salaam (peace) to the dwellers of Paradise. See the translation of the following verses.

Surah al-Ahzaab 44:

(33:44). Their greeting the Day they meet Him will be, “Peace.” And He has prepared for them a noble reward.

Surah Yaseen 58:

(36:58). [And] “Peace,” a word from a Merciful Lord.

Surah Ibraheem 23:

(14:23). And those who believed and did righteous deeds will be admitted to gardens beneath which rivers flow, abiding eternally therein by permission of their Lord; and their greeting therein will be, “Peace!”

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Allah made Paradise Salaam (safe and peaceful place) for the righteous believers, and it is safe from death, grief and sadness. It is also safe from any type of stress and oppression. See the translation of the surah Al-An’aam verse 127:

(6:127). For them will be the Home of Peace with their Lord. And He will be their protecting friend because of what they used to do.

Allah also made ‘Salaam’(peace) the word of greeting in this world. So we greet eachother by saying, “As-Salaam-o-alaykum” (Peace be on you all).

There is a hadeeth shareef (its translation is): ‏

Narrated Abu Hurairah: that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: “By the One in Whose Hand is my soul! You will not enter Paradise until you believe, and you will not believe until you love one another. Shall I inform you about a matter which if you do it, then you will love one another? Spread the Salam among each other.”

(Muslim)

القدوس, ِالسبوح

Al-Quddoos, Al-Subooh ( read as As-Subooh)

Al-Quddoos means The Holy One and Al-Subooh means The Prais-Worthy.

Al-Quddoos is mentioned in the Holy Quraan for e.g. in surah al-Hashr verse 23 and surah Al-Jumu’ah verse 1.
Surah Al-Jumu’ah verse 1 (translation):

(62:1).Whatever is in the heavens and whatever is on the earth is exalting Allah, the Sovereign, the Pure, the Exalted in Might, the Wise.

Al-Subooh has come in the Sunnah. Ayishah rAa said that the Messenger salla Allaho alaihi wa sallam used to say in his rakoo and sujood ( bowing and prostration), “Subboohun Quddoosun, Rabbunaa wa Rabbul Malaa’ikati wa Al-Rooh (read as Ar-Rooh)”.

The Two names confirm that Allah is very high above any defect, and weaknesses. For e.g. Allah is always alive and shall never die, is always awake and never sleeps. Even Allah doesn’t become drowsy. Allah is high above the weakness of needing or having children or wife. Allah cannot be resembled to any creation nor can any creation be resembled to HIM.

The exp. Note No. 37 of the verse 23 of surah Al-Hashr in the Commentary tafheem.net, (“Towards Understanding the Quraan”) gives good explanation of the name Al-Quddoos. It is here in the following:

Exp. note 37

*37 Quddus is a superlative. It means that Allah is far exalted that He should have a fault or defect or demerit: He is the purest Being, no evil can be imagined about Him. Here, one should clearly understand that the attribute of Holiness is a foremost accompaniment of sovereignty. Man’s intellect and nature refuse to believe that a being who is the bearer of sovereignty may be mischievous, ill behaved, ill-natured, who may be characterised with these base qualities from whose power and authority His subjects might be in danger of suffering evil instead of being blessed with good. That is why wherever man thinks sovereignty is centred; he assumes holiness also to be there, even if it is not there, for absolute sovereignty is inconceivable without holiness. But obviously, there is no real Sovereign except Allah, nor can there be. Allah is the only real Sovereign and Allah is Al-Quddoos (The Holy One). Whether it is monarchy, or sovereignty of the people, or dictatorship of the socialist system, or some other form of human rule in any case holiness for it is inconceivable.

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Verse 23 of surah Al-Hashr has a few beautiful names of Allah Almighty which are explained in the Tafheemul-Quraan. The verse and its English translation are here:

هُوَ اللّٰهُ الَّذِىۡ لَاۤ اِلٰهَ اِلَّا هُوَۚ اَلۡمَلِكُ الۡقُدُّوۡسُ السَّلٰمُ الۡمُؤۡمِنُ الۡمُهَيۡمِنُ الۡعَزِيۡزُ الۡجَـبَّارُ الۡمُتَكَبِّرُؕ سُبۡحٰنَ اللّٰهِ عَمَّا يُشۡرِكُوۡن23)

(59:23) He is Allah: there is no god but He: the King,³⁶ the Holy,³⁷ the All-Peace,³⁹ the Giver of security,³⁸ the Overseer,⁴⁰ the Most Mighty,⁴¹ the Overpowering,⁴² the All-Great.⁴³ Exalted is He from whatever they associate with Him.
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Also in the surah Al-Baqarah verse 30 Allah said (here is only its translation):

(2:30). And [mention, O Muhammad], when your Lord said to the angels, “Indeed, I will make upon the earth a successive authority.” They said, “Will You place upon it one who causes corruption therein and sheds blood, while we declare Your praise and sanctify You?” Allah said, “Indeed, I know that which you do not know.”

ونحن نسبح بحمد ك ونقدس لك…. ……………………………………. …

(The angels said we celebrate Your praises and sanctify You).

So the angels used to remember, praise and glorify Allah in the above words.

Al-Subooh (As-Subooh) and Al-Quddoos are two very great names of Allah which prove that Allah is high above any defect, demerit or weaknesses, and Allah is safe, secure from any quality opposite to Allah’s attributes. Allah does not need sleep or drowsiness. Allah Ta’ala is safe from having a child or father. Nothing can resemble Him nor does Allah resemble anything or any one. ليس كمثله شىء (“There is nothing like unto Him” These words are a part of the eleventh verse of surah Al-Shurah (Ash-Shurah), its translation is):

(42:11). [He is] Creator of the heavens and the earth. He has made for you from yourselves, mates, and among the cattle, mates; He multiplies you thereby. There is nothing like unto Him, and He is the Hearing, the Seeing.

There are two kinds of things/qualities from which Allah is high above, safe and secure.

Allah is high above any of the qualities opposite to His attributes. For e.g. Allah has the absolute qualities of knowledge and power. Allah is high above any forgetfulness or carelessness. Allah neither forgets nor makes mistake. In all of the heavens and the earths nothing is hidden from Him. No particle, small or big, or even microscopic is hidden from Allah All-Mighty God. Allah is high above from having any humbleness , tiredness, disease, or death. So Allah is free and safe from all of those human qualities of weakness. Allah has the Attributes of perfect Justice and Self-Sufficiency. Thus Allah is high above any cruelty or injustice, and doesn’t need anyone for help. Allah has the Attributes of wisdom and mercy. So any qualities opposite to His Attributes are never applicable to Him.

Allah is certainly high above any example in His creation and there is no equal or match of Allah. No matter how much a creation or creature is high and great, but is no match of the Creator. Rather the Creator has given them all of the qualities of wisdom, hearing, seeing and strength, understanding etc. It is only All-Mighty God who can make and has made excellent creatures and creations, excellent in all aspects. These excellent creations have no ability or power of its own so they fully depend upon the Creator. Therefore, we must do the tasbeeh (praising) and taqdees (glorifying) of Allah with the words high above any defect or weakness along with the Attributes of Praising and greatness. We must celebrate the praises and glory of Allah with the words that Allah taught us in His Book (the Holy Quraan) and through His Prophet (Allah’s Peace and Blessings be upon him). It should not be in the words which are not proper for the honor of Allah otherwise it will become a grievous sin. There is a hadeeth of the Prophet (Allah’s Peace and Blessings be upon him):

كلمتان خفيفتان على اللسان ، ثقيلتان في الميزان، حبيبتان إلى الرحمن: سبحان الله وبحمده، سبحان الله العظيم

“Two words are light on the tongue, heavy in the balance, beloved to the Merciful: ‘Glory be to Allah and by His praise. Glory be to Allah, the Immense.’” (Bukhari)

Surah Al-Hijar 98:

فَسَبِّحْ بِحَمْدِ رَبِّكَ وَكُن مِّنَ السَّاجِدِينَ – 15:98

(15:98). So exalt [ Allah ] with praise of your Lord and be of those who prostrate [to Him].

Surah Al-Saaffat 180—-182 (translation only)

سُبْحَانَ رَبِّكَ رَبِّ الْعِزَّةِ عَمَّا يَصِفُونَ -37:180

(37:180). Exalted is your Lord, the Lord of might, above what theyattribute to Him,

(37:181). وَسَلَامٌ عَلَى الْمُرْسَلِينَ –

(37:181). And peace upon the messengers.

وَالْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ – 37:182

(37:182). And praise to Allah, Lord of the worlds.

Here in these three verses of the surah As-Saaffat Allah Ta’ala told us that Allah is safe and high above the qualities that the unbelievers attribute to Him.Then Allah said salaam on the Messengers to prove that the words of the Prophets for the praising of Allah are absolutely true and correct, and are safe from mistake.

Tasbeeh and Taqdees of Allah is the prayer of all creatures /creation as Allah told us in the surah Al-Israa 44 (its translation is):

(17:44). The seven heavens and the earth and whatever is in them exalt Him. And there is not a thing except that it exalts [ Allah ] by His praise, but you do not understand their [way of] exalting. Indeed, He is ever Forbearing and Forgiving.

According to a hadeeth shareef reported in Al-Bukhari and Imaam Ahmad, “if on one side of a balance the seven heavens and the seven earths are placed and on the other side the words لا إلاه إلا الله(Laa ilaha illa-Allaho) are placed, the side with لا إلاه إلا الله will be heavier. (Please see the full hadeeth with its translation.)

May Allah make us from those who believe in the beautiful names and Attributes of Allah and celebrate His praises, those that are truthful about the Tawheed of Allah and His Greatness. Surely Allah answers our prayers and gives sustenance to every creature by His rememberance.

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